An Industry Fighting for Survival

You don’t need a vested interest in the fate of newspapers to be privy to the increasing number of stories about the industry’s struggle in the digital age. ‘Citizen journalism’ and blogging has led to wide cuts in staffing, journalists still employed need to be paid decent – or at least competitive – wages, and newspapers are still extremely dependent on advertisers who are taking their money elsewhere, primarily to the web to improve their SEO rankings and online advertising presence.
Newspapers, as a result, are frantically searching for a practical model to reinvigorate the business. One highly publicized method is to charge for online content. Yet another method has been discussed quietly for months. It is only recently that the chatter has reached the public domain through YouTube videos and in-the-know blogs.
This proposed model has newspapers identifying third party websites with little to no traffic and selling links to them in their editorial content. This would enable papers to regain some of their advertising revenue while tapping into one of the major reasons they lost the it in the first place: advertisers taking a greater interest in page rankings and SEO.

How Linking Works

Around 30% of Google’s algorithm for pages rankings are calculated through links to the website. Google assumes that linking implies recommendation, thus each link suggests the website’s relevance and quality. Links from particular websites count more than others. For example, newspapers have a high page rank with Google. If they link to a page, their benefits are, to some extent, passed on to the linked page.
However, if links are randomly generated or irrelevant to the content, Google’s search results become meaningless, providing results based on quantity of links rather than quality or a real online presence being built. This, of course, is extremely damaging to Google.

Dangerous Consequences

While link selling has gone on for years (even big hitters such as Yahoo and WordPress have been caught doing it), recent public chatter about it has been hushed. Even YouTube videos from the recent Silicon Beach Training SEO event where the discussion originated were made private within a couple of hours. And it’s easy to see why; this topic is not only contentious, it’s downright dangerous for newspapers.
For starters, the topic focuses attention on the difference between ‘white hat’ and ‘black hat’ search engine optimization. In true fairytale stereotype, white denotes ‘good’ or above board techniques to boost page rankings, while black suggests more underhand – and less-publicized – methods. Needless to say, purchasing editorial links is considered ‘black hat’. Many companies employ both white and black hat methods to improve rankings, and, because so many organisations are in glass houses on this one, no one wants to throw accusatory stones or even mention this tension between these approaches.You can find out more about white vs. black hat methods here.

This approach also blurs the line between editorial and advertising – something which can significantly affect the integrity of any news organization.
More important than putting a few noses out of joint, however, is the danger newspapers face in employing this method of generating revenue. When Google finds out about the link selling, as they surely will, they could take two courses of action. The first is to change their algorithms to give less clout to outbound links on newspaper sites. In this case, newspapers will simply lose out on this source of revenue when advertisers no longer invest. The second possibility is far more dangerous. Google could choose to reduce the page rank of the newspapers themselves, thus negatively affecting their ad revenue even more as the sites become less attractive to buyers. Both The Irish Times and The Economist faced this consequence when they sold links in previous months.

There’s no doubt that the next few years could make or break the newspaper industry. For now, the discussion is still relatively hush-hush. Newspapers would do well to keep it that way. In the meantime, the rest of us would do well to keep on top of these industry developments to ensure we can achieve the best results in SEO within industry-accepted parameters.

Bridging the Gap in Communication: Consumer Voices Being Heard

In the news, we are constantly hearing about customers who have used social media as a platform to voice concerns or disappointment with a company’s product or service.  The way that company responds to to such a situation can makes or break their reputation, both online and in the real world. I’m going to review three situations that received notable press coverage and discuss how the companies dealt with the customer’s complaints.

1. David Caroll vs. United Airlines

Backstory: David Caroll, a Canadian Musician, was traveling on United Airlines from Nova Scotia to Nebraska. He checked his $3,500 Taylor guitar which he saw being thrown onto the tarmac while he was looking out the window of the airplane. When he found that his guitar had been broken (the neck snapped off), he filed a complaint with United Airlines only to be told that he was not eligible for compensation because he failed to make the claim within the company’s required 24hr time period. As a result, Caroll made 3 videos about his experience. The first one, titled “United Breaks Guitars” (below) aired on YouTube July 6, 2009. The video has received over 8 million views to date.

United’s Response: The video received 150,000 views by the end of its first day online. This led to United Airlines contacting Carroll, despite having ignored his previous complaints. They first conveyed their sincere apologies and requested the use of the video for staff training purposes.  It wasn’t until the second video aired that United offered to compensate Caroll for his broken guitar – at which point Caroll said he would rather see that money go to a good cause, as guitar-maker Taylor had already donated two guitars to him (incidentally- Taylor capitalizing on this is an excellent example of using social media for positive brand management and customer service.)  Caroll’s experience and United’s poor response (delayed reaction and lack of initiative made it seem that they were disinterested in their customer’s issues) cost United shareholders approximately $180 million – as just four days after the video’s release, the company’s share price plunged by 10%. If that isn’t enough encouragement to take social media and customer service complaints seriously, I don’t know what is.

Learning from Mistakes: United probably won’t ever recover the dent in their reputation created by a single customer and a YouTube video. It’s a lesson in taking the possibilities social media offers to the mass public (your customers) seriously and acting quickly to resolve any negative feedback. You can read more about the incident and it’s backlash on the wikipedia article created for Caroll’s song.

2. Kevin Smith vs. Southwest Air

Backstory: Kevin Smith, a renowned and award-winning film-maker was thrown off a Southwest Airlines flight for being too overweight and posing a safety and security risk. Smith, who has more than 1.5 million followers on Twitter, began to tweet about his experience immediately after being ejected from his flight. His first tweet on the subject was simple and direct:

“Dear @SouthwestAir — I know I’m fat, but was Captain Leysath really justified in throwing me off a flight for which I was already seated?”

Southwest Air’s Response: While Southwest apologized via the same vehicle that Smith used – Twitter – they received a barrage of criticism from Smith’s fans who felt he was a victim of prejudice. With several tweets back and forth between @thatkevinsmith and @southwestair, Smith decided to use another social media platform, his podcast, in order to fully explain the situation and why he was so upset about it. Southwest argued that historically Smith has always purchased 2 seats for his flights. Smith’s response was that his historic use of 2 seats was rooted in a desire for comfort and to avoid socializing with other passengers, not out of a necessity because of his weight. While he acknowledged that he is indeed overweight, his problem was being removed after being seated and that being removed in front of everyone as if he were a “shoe bomber” was humiliating. Smith later boarded another flight and sent a picture along with his tweet:

“Hey @SouthwestAir! Look how fat I am on your plane! Quick! Throw me off!”

Smith continued with several tweets criticizing Southwest Airlines, ensuring that the internet would pick up on his story:

“The @SouthwestAir Diet. How it works: you’re publicly shamed into a slimmer figure. Crying the weight right off has never been easier!” “Hey @SouthwestAir! I’ve landed in Burbank. Don’t worry: wall of the plane was opened & I was airlifted out while Richard Simmons supervised.”

Smith’s plan worked and his story was picked up by many news outlets- including an interview on the Daily Show.  While being interviewed, he tweeted to Southwest Airlines, telling them to bring the same row of seats he was removed from to the show. He stated that if he failed to fit in them in front of the studio audience he would donate $10,000 to a charity of their choice, but if he was successful (and as such, not “too fat to fly”) they would have to admit they lied and change their policy/retrain their staff to be more humane in their dealings with overweight customers. Smith’s blog post about the incident is here, and Southwest’s public apology blog post is here.

Learning from Mistakes: Smith’s issue with the treatment of overweight people struck a chord with countless individuals who have suffered similar humiliating situations. While Southwest’s avenues for response (using twitter and blogs, plus phone calls, emails and letters) are appropriate, their insincere apology ruined their attempt at a cleanup and launched a PR nightmare. Smith simply wanted Southwest to admit that he was removed from the plane for being “too fat to fly” – but Southwest made other excuses for removing him and in subsequent conversations insinuated that it was essentially Smith’s fault for not purchasing more than one seat. The lesson to take away here is that every time a company mistreats or embarrasses or upsets a customers, they are taking a big gamble.  One can never be certain what kind of social media following or network a customer has in place, and any transgression has the capacity to be broadcast to the world almost instantaneously.

3. Dominos Pizza vs. Consumers

Backstory: Two Domino’s Pizza employees from North Carolina posted a video of themselves doing disgusting and unhygienic things to customer’s food. The video (rather stupidly posted on the employee’s personal Youtube account) had an instantly overwhelming and astounding effect. The video received so many comments by disgusted YouTube users that the Domino’s location in which the video was made was quickly tracked down and a complaint filed with Domino’s corporate office. This led to the firing of the two employees mere hours after the video was posted. They claimed that the video was a joke and the food wasn’t served, but the damage to the Domino’s corporate brand  was already devastating, and their dismissal more than warranted.

Domino’s Response: Domino’s corporate headquarters attempted to clean up the damage done by having Patrick Doyle, President of Domino’s USA, post a video response on Youtube. In the video Doyle expresses the disgust that the Domino’s family feels for the actions of the two employees. He apologizes for the incident, assures customers that the North Carolina restaurant is being sanitized and then continues to describe the steps the company is taking to insure that such an incident doesn’t happen again.

Learning from Mistakes: Mistakes is actually a misnomer here; as Domino’s handled the situation just right.  They acted quickly, used the same forum in which the criticism was first made, they admitted fault and showed how they are learning from and building off of the mistake that was made. The CEO taking the time to create a message of just him talking shows sincerity, and his choice of language (the use of trust) reaches out to viewers. Sometimes the best thing to do is admit you’re wrong, apologize, and tell the world how you’re going to make it better.

The Moral of the Social Media Story

Why did these incident’s happen? It is because social media increases the reach of the average person, blurring the line between customer service and public relations.  Where before social media a person who had a bad experience would tell 5-10 friends about their experience, they now have at a virtual soapbox that not only increases the reach of their comments, but also increases the duration of their affect.  When one speaks a comment, it is gone as soon as it is uttered.  You write something on the web, it’s there forever. Companies that realize the impact of social media on branding are the ones that will swim while others are sinking (like United Airlines and Southwest Air.)  The biggest thing to take away from these three instances is how you can use social media to manage customer services issues, and that everyone who has a negative experience might just be a Kevin Smith or a Dave Carroll.

What Is Social Media?

In case you don’t have 3:44 to spare, Wikipedia (an excellent example of the use of social platforms in and of itself) defines Social Media as such:

use [of] Internet and web-based technologies to transform broadcast media monologues (one to many) into social media dialogues (many to many). It supports the democratization of knowledge and information, transforming people from content consumers into content producers.

How Can Businesses Use Social Media?

What’s Next?

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Lisa Barone of Outspoken Media wrote a great guest blog post over there offering 80 ways for a Small Business Owner to use Twitter. Since most of my clients are only at the threshold of Twitter & Social Media, I thought I’d share this great post that gives you lots of proof that Twitter has great ROI potential.

Go read the post.

Enjoy!

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1. Personalise Your Pitch.

It took me a while to realise how important this is. When I first started doing media relations, I would send the same pitch to every journalist. I wondered why no one was replying – now I know why.

Pitching to the press is like talking to someone of the opposite sex and convincing them to go out with you. In the same way that you don’t go up to a girl you like and say :

“Hey Honey, Let’s go on a date”

you don’t send every journalist the same cookie cutter message. Journalists are just like crushes – they like to feel special – like you’re targeting them for a particular reason, such as knowing that they write about the particular issue you’re pitching. And you most certainly need to know their name. They don’t respond to “Honey”. If you’ve got a big story, offer it first to your “wish list” publications, and then to everyone else. Exclusivity on a story might be what gets you printed.

Bottom Line: learn about the journalist before you ask him to learn about you.

2. Make it Easy.

Humans are lazy creatures, and journalists are busy people. Put those two truths together and you have some great insight into the media industry. Make it easy. Don’t make the journalist jump through hoops to learn about your story.

That means putting a press release in the body of the email (not as an attachment! You’re giving them an opportunity to miss your story!). It also means including all the materials they might need to write a story in your pitch. Provide links to relevant sources, include quotes, etc.

I have some clients who have a “media resources” section of their website that includes team bios, headshots of major stakeholders, and facts & background information about the company & its industry. If I’m a journalist and I open up 2 emails – one that has all this information readily available and one that requires me to do some digging – I’m most likely going to write about the first one because they made it easy.

Bottom Line: The less work the journalist has to do, the more likely they’ll cover your story.

3. Follow Up Respectfully

When you want someone to do you a favour (like write about you), you want to go about it in a way that makes them know you appreciate their time. When you call to follow up try asking them if they have a quick minute to hear a pitch. Comment on a recent piece of theirs you read (because, after all, you were researching your  journalist so you skimmed a few of their articles, right?). Don’t push your story onto them or pressure them. If you have good news, it’ll win the journalist over by its merit, not by how aggressive you are at pitching it. Remember, this is a courtship: you’re thanking them for the chance at a first date. If they don’t want to see you again, its not that big a deal. If you do get some coverage (congrats!), be sure to thank them appropriately. There is a fine line on what’s appropriate and what’s not: writing a thank you card to the journalist who wrote your story is appropriate. Sending them gifts is not. Journalists are ethically unable to accept gifts (they may be perceived as bribes – and you don’t want the misunderstanding dilemmas!) so it’s best to keep it professional and just send them a “thank you” note. This note is possibly one of the most important things you can do. No one really gives a journalist kudos for the hard work they put into every story.. so if you do, they’ll remember that, and be more receptive to your next pitch.

Bottom Line: A “thank you” can go a long way.

There’s so much more I could write on this topic but I’ll leave it for another time. What lessons have you learned from pitching to the press and media relations?

By Mark Hayward – Follow him @mark_hayward.

Do you own a small business? Are you having a hard time understanding Twitter?

As a small business owner and social media user going on two years now, I can honestly say that initially I did not really see the point or power of Twitter at all.

However, after sticking it out passed the learning curve, picking up a couple of followers, and followingreally intelligent people, thanks to Twitter, I get to make connections and learn something new every day. In fact, at this point I feel like Twitter is a tool that all small business owners should use as part of their overall efforts to build a distributed social media footprint.

Nevertheless, if you are like many in the small business community who have tried Twitter without success, then you might be fond of saying, “I just don’t get it.”

For numerous small business owners (including myself at one point in time) who are new to Twitter, and social media in general, there appears to be a common misconception that as soon as you sign up customers are going to fall from the sky in droves and you will immediately be inundated with more business than you can handle.

Small Business Twitter Frustration
Amongst the business people that I discuss Twitter with there appear to be two types of discouraged small venture owners who give up on Twitter at rapid rate.

Frustrated business owner number one feels like Twitter is analogous to entering a large cocktail party or hotel lobby where she doesn’t know a single soul. Yet, conversations are happening all around her and rather than trying to ease into the discussion, she gives up without talking to anybody because the sheer numbers are overwhelming.

Disgruntled Twitter quitter number two is the complete opposite of number one. He will get on Twitter, see all of the conversations going on, and assume it is the customer “candy store.” This leads to the sending out of many spammy messages, which spew forth details about his great products and prices. He will typically stop using Twitter when to his surprise nobody follows him back and he doesn’t receive one @ reply.

Twitter Tips to Help Small Business Owners
Recently, a friend asked me to help him with that “Twitter thing” because he wants more customers for his niche jewelry business.

After our very long discussion and Twitter run through, I thought that perhaps there might be other business owners out there who are beginners on Twitter and could use some help. Here are the 20 tips that I passed on to my friend:

1. Twitter is first and foremost a place to connect, learn, and listen.
2. Define your goals if you have any (e.g. business promotion, socializing, etc).
3. If you’re confused about where to begin on Twitter, but are interested in learning, take a look at the previously done Twitip post that highlights key people for beginners to follow.
4. Twitter allows you to interact with individuals who you might not normally come into contact with. If you want to interact with a celebrity or a person with a huge following then send a simple @ message or comment on something they are doing. If you get a response you can then take it from there.
5. Don’t be offended if folks don’t follow you back. It’s not personal. (Even if it is, it doesn’t really matter.)
6. Use a photo of yourself or your business logo in you profile.
7. If you’re interested in connecting with someone you might want to try ReTweeting some of their messages before you introduce yourself.
8. It’s probably going to take a good 3 to 6 months to get a following.
9. Find out who the influencers are in your industry and see if they are on Twitter. If they are, follow them.
10. Always follow Jeff Pulver’s rule of giving 95% of the time and asking only 5% of the time.
11. Utilize a Twitter photo-sharing site like TwitPic or Yfrog to share cool photos from your typical business day, or while plying your craft, so that people get to know you. It helps to build social trust.
12. Use Twitter Search with keywords to find information and conversations that are relevant to your business. It’s also a good way to find out if anyone is talking about you or your company.
13. If you are not part of a particular conversation that concerns your area of business, but you would like to participate, approach with caution.
14. If you are sending DM’s to your followers with something related to your business, make sure to use your social capital wisely. Overwhelming folks with DM’s can result in a rapid loss of followers
15. Don’t Tweet anything that you would not want to see on the front page of a newspaper or wildly famous website.
16. Do interact and connect and don’t hesitate to @ message folks who have 10x or 100x the number of followers you have.
17. Employ sites like Digg, StumbleUpon, and Reddit to find, and share amongst your followers, interesting stories from your particular area of business.
18. Create connections don’t spam. You most likely would not just walk into a crowded venue where you don’t know anyone and say, “Hi my name is Bob and I replace window screens and have great prices.” This method does not work very well on Twitter. (Should be a given but you still see it every day!)
19. Twitter is only one area online where you can begin to build a distributed social media footprint for your business. Do NOT rely solely on Twitter as your social media business promotion tool.
20. It takes a long time to build up a following and develop trust, but it only takes one Tweet to alienate every one of your followers.

To be sure, on a daily basis we are all trying to figure how best to utilize Twitter effectively as a small business tool. Certainly, this is not a be all end all list, so your thoughts and input on how small business can better tap into Twitter are appreciated.

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